try linux !

it is better... ....isn't it ?

content

• Linux Operating System

• Where linux is being used

• Why linux is better ?

• Linux Adoption

• The Future

• Use your computer as you like to

• Questions?

Linux

• Free & Open Source
• Multi tasking
• Multi user
• More platform supported
• Unix-Like
• More Secure
• More Stable
• Community Developed

Unix-like OS

• Behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.
• Unix was developed at AT&T's Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
• Other operating systems that emulate Unix to some extent are often called Unix-like.
• The most common version of Unix is Apple's OS X and Linux. work-alike.

The OS Architecture

Hardware layer - Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).

Kernel - Core component of Operating System, interacts directly with hardware, provides low level services to upper layer components.

OS Services

shell: An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from users.
Takes commands from user and executes kernel's functions.

The OS Architecture

Monolithic Kernel

A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space and is alone in supervisor mode.
It defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware.
Set of primitives or system calls implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management.

Monolithic and Micro Kernels

Linux and Minix

Linux and Minix

Hybrid Kernel

Birth of Linux

Linus Trovalds University Of Helsinki	Released: 5 October 1991 1971: AT & T's Bell Labs released Unix 1980's: Unix adopted at Academic Institutions and Business 1983: GNU Project started, by Richard Stallman
	1985: Stallman started Free Software Foundation (FSF) 1989: Stallman wrote GNU General Public License

Birth of Linux

Richard Stallman President of the Free Software Foundation	1990s : All programs required in OS, developed in GNU project except Kernel 1991: Linus Trovalds used Minix at University of Helsinki Development of Linux kernel started on Minix & then moved to Linux systems Minix components replaced by GNU applications
	GNU components + Linux kernel = full functional OS

Who uses Linux ?

June 2013 : 95% of world's 500 supercomputers
including 44 fastest, run linux

Web Servers

• Most of the web servers run on linux
• Networks in Home & Office

Databases

• Linux is stable, secure and robust,
  it's perfect for storing huge databases of information.

Scientific Computing

• Many Linux systems clustered together to work on a single task.
• Wheather forecasting, physics simulations.
• Data centers.

Home Computing

• In home computing and office, because of stability and flexibility.

Mobile Devices

• Android
• Firefox OS
• Nokia N900 & N9
• Motorola exz series

Embedded Devices

• Debian - used on Raspberry Pi
• BusyBox
• PDAs
• TomTom GPS navigation devices

why linux is better ....?

Free and Open-source

• Linux is completely free of charge.
• FOSS is computer software that is both free software and open source software.
• Anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source code is openly shared.
• GNU GPL (General Public License)
• Freedom

Viruses...?

• Linux is very well-protected against viruses.
• Malware's lack of root access and fast updates to most Linux vulnerabilities.
• Linux :) total known malware = about 60 to 100
• MS Windows :) total known malware = about 60,000

Crapware...?

When you first turn on computer: countless windows start to open, asking you to subscribe for services, the premium version of an antivirus, games you never asked for, productivity applications requiring you to create an account online, etc.

More secure

• Linux does not have an open back door.
• Bottom up, community driven development.
• 8 different security modules or 8 walls to protect the Linux Core

Better File Management System

• Fragmentation
• boot partition: /boot
• system : /
• user files : /home
• ext2, ext3, ext4, Jfs, Xfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS

No restart except

• After installation of system
• Critical updates in system

Stable

• Linux can run for years without needing to be restarted (most internet servers run Linux, and they usually never restart).
• Linux lets you spend more time working, less time reinstalling and restarting over and over again.

Drivers....?

• Linux doesn't need separate drivers. All the drivers are already included in the Linux kernel, the core of the system, and that comes with every single Linux installation.
• A very fast and standalone installation process. Once you're done, you have everything you need to start working (including the software you'll be using). Out-of-the-box ready peripherals.

Pre installed softwares

• Word processor
• Web browser (eg Firefox) and an email program (eg Thunderbird, or Evolution).
• An image editor (GIMP) nearly as powerful as Photoshop.
• An instant messenger.
• A movie player.
• A music player and organizer.
• A PDF reader.
• Archives manager.
You can just start working right away.

free softwares

open source equivalents of commercial softwares

easy updates and upgrades

• Wndows xp ? | Windows7 ? | Windows8 ? | Windows8.1 ? but all from Microsoft only

listed on distrowatch.com

Virtual workspaces

runs on many hardware architectures

Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR32, Blackfin, C6x, ETRAX CRIS, FR-V, H8/300, Hexagon, Itanium, M32R, m68k, META, Microblaze, MIPS, MN103, OpenRISC, PA-RISC, PowerPC, s390, S+core, SuperH, SPARC, TILE64, Unicore32, x86, Xtensa

Uses less hardware
Runs on open Hardwares

Free and unlimited support

One of the great assets of the Open Source community (and Linux in particular), is that it's a real community. Users and developers really are out there, on web forums, on mailing lists, on IRC channels, helping out new users. They're all happy to see more and more people switch to Linux, and they're happy to help them get a grip on their new system.

Environment friendly

• Reduced e-waste, Reduced toxins: GNU/Linux distributions, with their minimal resource requirements and their free cost, are well suited to solve the problem of e-waste
• Linux runs pretty well even on very old machines, they can be recycled for various purposes (storage, internet access, multimedia box, etc.) instead of being thrown out!
• Efficient Power Consumption : improved power conservation and efficiency relative to proprietary systems.
• No packaging in paper and plastics and no CDs

Linux Adoption

Linux adoption refers to new use of the Linux kernel based operating systems on computers by homes, organizations, companies, and governments.

• The Government of Kerala, India : State IT policy 2001
• First Free Software Conference in India "Freedom First", inaugration of Free Software Foundation of India : July 2001
• International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS) : 2009
• Government of Tamil Nadu switched to "BOSS Linux" (Bharat Operating System Solutions) : march 2014

Governments

The U.S.
• White House's web server moved to Red Hat Linux : 2009
• US Army, US Navy, US Federal Aviation
• US National Nuclear Security : world's 10th fastest Supercomputer "IBM Roadrunner" : Red Hat Enterpise Linux + Fedora
France
• National Police Force : moving 90,000 Desktops from Windows XP to Ubuntu : 2007
• French Parliament switched to Ubuntu in 2007
Germany
• Federal Employment Office of Germany : migrated 13000 public workstations from Windows NT to SpenSuse

Education

India
• CCSU Meerut : A Open Source DMS 'Dspace' , Apache web server on Linux :) http://ir.ccsuniversity.ac.in
• Tamil Nadu plans to distribute 100000 Linux Laptops to students.
• Govt. Officials of Kerala announced to use free software on Linux for computer education , starting with 2,650 Govt. & Govt-aided High schools
Americas
• Brazil: 35 million students in over 50,000 schools using 523,400 computers running Linux
• US state of Indiana: 22,000 students had access to Linux Workstations at their high schools in 2006.

Education

Germany
• 560,000 students in 33 Universities will migrate to Linux
China
• 1,50,000 Linux PCs in rural schools : 2009
Russia
• Announced that all its school computers will run on Linux : October 2007

Scientific Institutions

• NASA : International Space Station Laptops to be switched from Windows Xp to Debian 6
• Both CERN and Fermilab use Scientific Linux in all their work
• WLCG is composed of 576 sites with more than 390,000 processors and 150 Petabytes of Storage and uses Linux on all its nodes
• Canada's largest super computer, the IBM iDataPlex cluster computer at the University of Toronto uses Linux
• Tianhe-I, the worlds fastest super computer as of October 2010, located at the National Centre for Supercomputing, China runs Linux
• The UAVs sense each other and control their own flight in relation to each other, each has an independent processor running Linux to accomplish this.

Windows vs Linux

The Future

• 'Linux talent' on list of priorities of 70% Hiring managers in 2013 and 77% Hiring managers in 2014
• 93% of hiring managers plan to hire a Linux professional in the next six months
• 86% of Linux professionals report that knowing Linux has given them more career opportunities
• Pros gave career advice back in 2004, and which they’ll likely still be repeating in 2024: learn Linux. it’s the future.

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

use your computer as you love to

SCRIET OSSDG

• to promote adoption of free software
• to organize Activities/Session on Technology and Philosophy aspects of Free Software for students and academicians
• to facilitate students to do Open Source Software projects
• Mailing list for the General Body to communicate and share the activities and action plans
• Week-end meetups to discuss on ideas, innovations and further activities and actions of Scriet OSSDG

SCRIET OSSDG

thanks!